Dual-focused transformational leadership and individual creativity: moderating effects of team scout activity and individual perspective-taking

This paper developed and tested a research model in which team- and individual-focused transformational leadership (TFL) influence individual creativity through psychological empowerment and the positive effects of team- and individual-focused TFL are moderated via team scout activity and individual perspective-taking. Using multilevel and multisource matched data collected from 44 team leaders and 151 employees in 21 companies, we found that team- and individual-focused TFL had a significant indirect effect on individual creativity through psychological empowerment. The effect of team-focused TFL was significant only when team scout activity was high, whereas the effect of individual-focused TFL was significant only when individual perspective-taking was high.